What are trace materials?

Trace materials refer to small pieces of evidence—often not biological in nature—that can provide critical information in a criminal investigation. These materials can include fibers, hairs, gunshot residue, paint flakes, and soil, among other microscopic or minuscule items. The analysis of trace materials can help link a suspect to a victim or a crime scene, thereby offering significant insights into the circumstances surrounding an event.

In forensic science, the value of trace evidence lies in its ability to connect different elements of an investigation, despite its size. The collection and analysis of such evidence require careful techniques to preserve the integrity of the materials, as they can be easily overlooked or contaminated. This characteristic distinguishes trace materials from larger pieces of evidence, such as weapons or significant artifacts, which are more easily visible and recognizable in a scene.

Understanding trace materials is crucial for forensic professionals in building a comprehensive picture of the events leading to a crime, making this answer the most accurate reflection of what trace materials are in the context of criminal justice.