In the walk and turn test, what are officers observing during the instruction phase?

During the instruction phase of the walk and turn test, officers are primarily observing the subject's balance. This phase is crucial for assessing potential impairment because it sets the stage for the performance of the test itself. The subject is instructed to stand in a heel-to-toe position, which is inherently challenging for maintaining balance. Observing how well the subject can maintain this position while receiving instructions offers officers insight into any impairments that may be present, particularly those related to alcohol or drug influence.

The ability to balance effectively during this initial phase is critical, as it reflects the subject's coordination and physical control. Factors such as swaying, using arms to balance, or failing to stay in the specified position provide indicators of possible intoxication. By focusing on balance, officers can gather essential data that may influence their interpretation of the subject's overall sobriety during the subsequent testing phases.